Rabu, 04 Februari 2009

Kredit Bank...Jaminannya di SKMHT, APHT dan Fidusia

By: Arigawa

di Bank tempat kita untuk menabung, tempat kita menyimpan uang dalam bentuk tabungan dan deposito...tapi sekarang ini banyak kegiatan lainnya seperti tranfer, bayar online dan masih banyak lagi deh.
Nah salah satu nya juga bank dapat kita pinjam uang untuk modal usaha. Bank juga melempar produknya yaitu salah satunya kredit atau pinjaman. Untuk itu bagi yang meminjam kredit pinjaman yang disebut dengan debitur harus melengkapi persyaratannya dalam memperoleh pinjaman modal dari bank. Salah satunya jaminan. Jaminan dapat berupa tanah/ rumah, mobil dll. (Khusus mobil dengan kategori benda bergerak diikat dengan Fidusia). Dalam tulisan saya ini saya hanya menfokus pada SKMHT dan APHT.
Surat Kuasa Memasang Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) dalam pemberian Kredit dilaksanakan dalam upaya penyelamatan dan penyelesaian jika terjadi kredit macet.
Praktek pemberian kredit perbankan sekarang ini sering menuntut adanya jaminan khususnya Hak Tanggungan (HT) dari debitor untuk menjamin pelunasan hutang. Dalam pembebanan HT wajib dilakukan sendiri oleh pemberi HT, hanya apabila benar-benar diperlukan dan apabila tidak dapat hadir di hadapan PPAT dapat menggunakan SKMHT dan surat kuasa tersebut harus diberikan langsung oleh pemberi HT dan harus memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan. Kenyataannya terdapat kendala dalam menerapkan fungsi dan kedudukan SKMHT sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan No.4 Tahun 1996. Yang menjadi permasalahan bagaimanakah fungsi dan kedudukan surat kuasa membebankan Hak Tanggungan dan dalam perjanjian kredit setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan, hambatan-hambatan dalam pelaksanaan membuat akta pemberian Hak Tanggungan sesudah dibuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan dalam praktek perbankan dan bagaimanakah jika terjadi kredit macet sebelum jangka waktu Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan berakhir.
SKMHT dibuat untuk pihak debitor yang tidak dapat hadir nantinya pada saat penandatanganan APHT, serta untuk mengantisipasi tidak jelasnya status tanah yang akan dijadikan objek Hak Tanggungan. Tidak jelasnya status tanah karena tanah tersebut belum bersertifikat dan karena hampir habis jangka waktunya. SKMHT merupakan proses atau tahap menuju pembuatan APHT, dimana SKMHT tersebut hanya merupakan lembaga kuasa dan bukan sebagai lembaga jaminan dalam pelunasan suatu kredit, Berarti SKMHT tidak memberikan kedudukan apapun kepada pihak bank sebagai kreditor. Hambatan hambatan yang timbul pada saat menindak lanjuti SKMHT menjadi APHT yaitu jangka waktu yang singkat dan biaya yang mahal khususnya terhadap objek SKMHT maupun APHT yang belum bersertifikat. Hambatan yang terjadi dalam perbuatan hukum ini yaitu adanya cidera janji. Namun apabila debitor sama sekali tidak mampu lagi mengembalikan pinjamannya setelah diberi kesempatan ataupun keringanan dari pihak Bank maka berdasarkan SKMHT tersebut dilanjuti dengan pembuatan APHT dan segera didaftarkan ke Kantor BPN setempat dengan tujuan memperoleh kepastian jaminan pelunasan hutang dari si debitor tersebut. Bank lebih hati hati dan bijaksana dalam memberikan kredit dengan penggunaan SKMHT, dimana kedudukan Bank tidaklah begitu aman dalam hal pelunasan kredit yang diberikannya kepada debitor. Hal itu dikarenakan SKMHT bukanlah lembaga jaminan tapi semata mata sebagai lembaga kuasa yang belum memberikan kedudukan yang pasti sebagai kreditor preferen.

54 komentar:

  1. Mas Mau tanya, apakah setiap pengajuan kredit rumah (KPR) harus ada biaya APHT + SKMHT . ? terima kasih sarannya.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Sebenar nya itu tdk ada, yang ada itu di ikat pake ppjb kum, perjanjian jual beli sama kuasa untuk menjual ..btn itu tdk mengeluarkan skmht atau apht dalam kpr

      Hapus
    2. Mau tanya,, apakah skmht atau apht, dpt dibuat dimana posisinya masih ppjb atau sertifikat yg masih induk atau belum pecah?

      Hapus
    3. @anonim ppjb itu hanya perjanjian antara pihak pertama dengan pihak ke dua, bahwa pihak pertama berniat untuk membeli rumah atau tanah tersebut akan tetapi masih adanya kekurangan kekurangan dalam hal untuk dilakukannya balik nama, krn ada beberapa faktor, misal :
      1. Pihak pertama dalam pembelian rumah tersebut itu pembayarannya secara dicicil ataupun belum lunas
      2. Pihak pertama sudah membayar lunas, akan tetapi pihak kedua sertipikatnya masih dalam proses di BPN.

      Hapus
    4. @yohanes rudolf dasar dari skmht dan apht itu adalah sertipikat, yg bisa di ikat hak tanggungan itu sertipikat, bukan akta

      Hapus
    5. bos mau tanya APHT itu di bebabin oleh nasabah atau deploper?misalkan APHT sblm nya 1 jt lalu tiba2 naik jadi 2 jt, apa kita harus ikutin ke naikan apht tersebut?

      Hapus
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  48. Saya kredit dgn agunan sertpikat tanah.diikat dgn. APHT.Setelah Lunas sy ambil kredit lg dibank yg sama.ap diikat dgn APHT lagi

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Oke oke oke